Sunday Ojeme
More pupils in secondary schools are still finding it difficult to see mathematics as an easy subject, contrary to what some mathematicians say. In their desire to study science-related subjects and take after their doctor and engineer idols, they have often been discouraged by their inability to understand the intricacies of calculation.
The development has again re-echoed the plans by the Lagos State Government, through the Teachers’ Development Programme, to introduce subject teaching methods in all the schools in the state.
The effort, which was initiated by the State Universal Basic Education Board in 2006, is meant to sharpen the teaching skills of the teachers and simplify the learning of certain subjects.
In an encounter with our correspondent in Lagos on Wednesday, some students, cutting across some schools in Lagos State, and a few others currently in the state for the Christmas holiday, called on the authorities to strengthen the scheme so as to make the teaching and understanding of mathematics easier and more student-friendly.
Some of the students, who were having fun in some of the public parks, said their desire to read science-oriented courses in the higher institutions had become shaky due to their inability to comprehend the various calculations in some of the science-related subjects.
Master Desire Kio, a JS3 student from Rivers State, expressed worries that in spite of his personal efforts over the years, his dream to become an engineer in future was already being threatened by his inability to grasp the various mathematical formulas. He said his father’s sympathy to his ordeal had compelled him to engage a mathematics teacher whose efforts had hardly yielded any result.
According to him, “My inability to fully understand mathematics is one of the problems I am having in school. I am good at other subjects, but the ones I really need to become an engineer, which is my dream, are giving me problem. Physics and mathematics have really posed problem for me and my father’s efforts to help has equally not been fruitful.
“I believe part of the problem has to do with the way some teachers handle the two subjects. There should be more practical and effective ways to teach it so as to enable students to understand the subjects. I am saying this because I improved under a particular teacher during his short stay in my school. All the same, I am now working to pursue a course in accountancy.”
Kio, who lamented the disappointment, said a more practical and down-to-earth method should be adopted for the teaching of mathematics and other subjects that had to do with calculation.
On his part, Master Ochuko Thomas, an SS2 student from Delta State, said he simply could not face the rigours of calculation in his early years in the secondary school. He said he never hid his hatred for the subject as soon as he discovered that he could not assimilate it like a few others in his class when he was still in JS2.
According to him, “I did not want to deceive myself for too long. I am only managing to get along just to enable me secure admission and study something that does not require much of calculation. I intend studying either political science or mass communication because I see myself excelling in any of these fields.”
However, in the midst of the fun-loving kids, an SS3 female student, who recently won a scholarship from her school, Miss Obianuju Madu, said she was in love with all subjects, including mathematics. She said although she used to find mathematics difficult in the past, there was an improvement when she took the subject more seriously in her JS3 class.
According to her, “It was a personal decision that I took. Since then, I have not regretted the efforts I committed to excelling in the subject. I am happy that my dream to study medicine in the higher institution is gradually coming to reality.
“But whether one is good or not also depends on the teacher handling the subject. If the teacher is not too good in teaching the subject, the students will find it difficult to understand. That is why some parents still find it necessary to engage private teachers for their children as well as enrolling them in lessons.”
At the inauguration of the TDP, the Executive Chairman of the State Universal Basic Education Board, Mrs. Oluwagbemiga O.T. Benson, said there was a need for the board to collaborate with other institutions to train teachers, especially on the need for specialisation.
She said the course contents, which include papers on continuous assessment and the effective teaching of each of the core subjects (Mathematics, English, Social Studies and Integrated Science) would also update and sharpen teachers’ skills for the development of the child.
According to her, the training and re-training is the key to the success of any organisation and teachers are no exception as they have to be brought up-to-date in modern trends of teaching and moulding the lives of the young ones who are the future leaders of the nation.
A representative of Sede Mathematics Laboratory, Mrs. Abosede Peter-Thomas, said mathematics is of utmost importance because it forms the foundation of science and needs to be made as simple as possible so that students would not run away with the impression that it was a very difficult subject.
She decried the low use of textbooks by both teachers and students saying the era of lesson notes had taken over the use of textbooks.
She said, “The problem we are having with the teaching of mathematics is not a case of laziness on the part of students or that teachers are not doing their job, but a simple case of ignoring the concepts of mathematics. Students must be taught to move according to the plan of their textbook, so that the choice of textbook becomes very important. Our goal is to teach teachers how to encourage their students to finish their textbook.”
A mathematics teacher in one of the private schools in Lagos, Mr. Babatunde Adewunmi, supported the pupils’ call for better teaching methods. He said the teachers and students had formed the habit of blaming themselves over the abysmal performance in the subject.
According to him, “The students may have their own problems but the fact remains that the teachers too sometimes compound the problem. There are some teachers who actually know the subject but they find it difficult to impart it on the pupils. In my own days, I used to fail mathematics but today that is what is putting food on my table.”
He said mathematics is an easy subject to learn by any student who is mentally fit, adding that some students lack the basic foundation of the subject before moving from one class to another. He said 70 per cent of the problem should be blamed on the teachers.
On the issue of textbooks, he said emphasis should not be placed on textbooks because if textbooks would really help, then there would be no need for teaching. He said textbooks become necessary only when the topic has not been properly introduced by the teacher.
As a panacea for the seeming intractable and age-old problem, the National Mathematical Centre is evolving a programme aimed at getting state governments to address the dismal performance in mathematics in public schools.
The Director-General, NMC, Prof. Sam Ale, said the poor performance was attributable to poor teaching methodology rather than curricula content.
To help the pupils, the centre has initiated some projects capable of encouraging the teaching and learning of mathematics in schools and state governments are expected to adopt the projects to enhance performance in the subject at all levels.
The projects include mathematical games, mathematics laboratory, as well as teaching modules and workbooks for primary and secondary schools.
The director-general revealed that a trial run of the projects in Katsina State raised the number of successful students in mathematics in both NECO and the West African School Certificate examinations from five per cent to 90 per cent.
He said, “Our target has always been to bring mathematics to the doorstep of every Nigerian, to make mathematics as interesting to teach and learn as any language.”
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Friday 28 December 2007
Sunday 2 December 2007
Law Union grows profit by 157% in third quarter
Sunday Ojeme
Law Union & Rock Insurance Plc has recorded a profit growth of 156.87 per cent in its unaudited financial accounts for the third quarter ended September 30 2007. The insurance firm reported a pre-tax profit of N700.89m, an improvement compared with the total profit of N272.85m recorded in the corresponding period of 2006.
A statement on Saturday said the profit resulted from a gross written premium of N2.01bn, representing an increase of 94.7 per cent over the total earnings of N1.03bn achieved in the corresponding period of the preceding year.
The statement said the company’s nine-month turnover of N2.01bn was more than its 2006 full year turnover of N1.33bn by 51 per cent. The company’s net premium income in the nine months under reference was N1.85bn as against N854.28m recorded as at September 2006.
The product lines that contributed principally to the huge volume reported were motor business, N403.1m; fire, N338.4m; engineering, N223.20m; and goods in transit, N102.66m.
The company reported improvement in all its health indicators, which is consistent with its performance record in the last four years.
The statement attributed the bullish performance of Law Union & Rock in recent years to the process upgrade and overall re-engineering of the company which started in 2004. The company has posted impressive numbers following the implementation of the turnaround project. The run is expected to be enhanced by the recent release of the offer proceeds of 2006 to the 49 insurance companies, including Law Union and Rock, cleared to operate in the industry as successfully recapitalised companies.
According to the statement, the release of the money held in escrow account at the Central Bank of Nigeria in the last one year means an inflow of more than N2.5bn into the company’s vault.
The statement added that with a capital base of more than N5bn, the company was well positioned to play in the big league in the Nigerian insurance market.
The statement said, “The company is striking up alliances at home and abroad to position itself for bigger market challenges. It is one of the six Nigerian underwriters that recently formed the First Energy Insurance Consortium which was officially unveiled in Lagos on November 16 2007. The consortium is targeted at big insurable risks in the oil & gas sector.”
Law Union’s stock traded above N4 at the close of business in the week ending November 23.
Law Union & Rock Insurance Plc has recorded a profit growth of 156.87 per cent in its unaudited financial accounts for the third quarter ended September 30 2007. The insurance firm reported a pre-tax profit of N700.89m, an improvement compared with the total profit of N272.85m recorded in the corresponding period of 2006.
A statement on Saturday said the profit resulted from a gross written premium of N2.01bn, representing an increase of 94.7 per cent over the total earnings of N1.03bn achieved in the corresponding period of the preceding year.
The statement said the company’s nine-month turnover of N2.01bn was more than its 2006 full year turnover of N1.33bn by 51 per cent. The company’s net premium income in the nine months under reference was N1.85bn as against N854.28m recorded as at September 2006.
The product lines that contributed principally to the huge volume reported were motor business, N403.1m; fire, N338.4m; engineering, N223.20m; and goods in transit, N102.66m.
The company reported improvement in all its health indicators, which is consistent with its performance record in the last four years.
The statement attributed the bullish performance of Law Union & Rock in recent years to the process upgrade and overall re-engineering of the company which started in 2004. The company has posted impressive numbers following the implementation of the turnaround project. The run is expected to be enhanced by the recent release of the offer proceeds of 2006 to the 49 insurance companies, including Law Union and Rock, cleared to operate in the industry as successfully recapitalised companies.
According to the statement, the release of the money held in escrow account at the Central Bank of Nigeria in the last one year means an inflow of more than N2.5bn into the company’s vault.
The statement added that with a capital base of more than N5bn, the company was well positioned to play in the big league in the Nigerian insurance market.
The statement said, “The company is striking up alliances at home and abroad to position itself for bigger market challenges. It is one of the six Nigerian underwriters that recently formed the First Energy Insurance Consortium which was officially unveiled in Lagos on November 16 2007. The consortium is targeted at big insurable risks in the oil & gas sector.”
Law Union’s stock traded above N4 at the close of business in the week ending November 23.
IGI gets licence to float bank in Uganda February
Sunday Ojeme
Industrial and General Insurance Company has finalised arrangements to open a commercial bank in Uganda by February 2008 after obtaining an operating licence from the Bank of Uganda.
According to a Uganda-based newspaper, Daily Monitor, IGI received its license from Bank of Uganda to start operations three weeks ago. It will be joining Kenya Commercial Bank that opened early last week, among the new entrants on the country’s increasingly competitive financial services market.
With the development, more than 250 Ugandans would be directly and indirectly employed when the bank starts its operations.
IGI has been operating in Uganda as a dominant insurance firm after acquiring 60 per cent equity in Uganda’s government owned National Insurance Corporation.
According to the Chairman of NIC, Chief Remi Olowude, IGI identified many gaps in the financial services sector that needed to be urgently addressed.
He said, "We are moving beyond insurance to become a financial services provider in the whole East African region."
He spoke at the location where the new bank whose brand name is Continental Trust Bank will be housed.
Olowude said IGI would initially embark on a robust penetration in the rural areas, with longer banking hours and establish a presence with "surprise products," which every Ugandan can afford.
However, NIC customers will have special arrangements when dealing with the bank.
The Nigerian Foreign Affairs Minister, Chief Ojo Maduekwe, said the development would attract more confidence in Nigerian entrepreneurs to invest in Uganda because of its open door policy for investors.
"It's time for business people in Africa to start intra-trade investments to build each other's economies," he said.
Opening the bank comes at a time when NIC in finalising plans to float 40 per cent shares on the Uganda Securities Exchange.
Olowude said the value of the company had increased over the past months thus affecting the share price; but that they are working to ensure that as many Ugandans as possible buy into the company.
Industrial and General Insurance Company has finalised arrangements to open a commercial bank in Uganda by February 2008 after obtaining an operating licence from the Bank of Uganda.
According to a Uganda-based newspaper, Daily Monitor, IGI received its license from Bank of Uganda to start operations three weeks ago. It will be joining Kenya Commercial Bank that opened early last week, among the new entrants on the country’s increasingly competitive financial services market.
With the development, more than 250 Ugandans would be directly and indirectly employed when the bank starts its operations.
IGI has been operating in Uganda as a dominant insurance firm after acquiring 60 per cent equity in Uganda’s government owned National Insurance Corporation.
According to the Chairman of NIC, Chief Remi Olowude, IGI identified many gaps in the financial services sector that needed to be urgently addressed.
He said, "We are moving beyond insurance to become a financial services provider in the whole East African region."
He spoke at the location where the new bank whose brand name is Continental Trust Bank will be housed.
Olowude said IGI would initially embark on a robust penetration in the rural areas, with longer banking hours and establish a presence with "surprise products," which every Ugandan can afford.
However, NIC customers will have special arrangements when dealing with the bank.
The Nigerian Foreign Affairs Minister, Chief Ojo Maduekwe, said the development would attract more confidence in Nigerian entrepreneurs to invest in Uganda because of its open door policy for investors.
"It's time for business people in Africa to start intra-trade investments to build each other's economies," he said.
Opening the bank comes at a time when NIC in finalising plans to float 40 per cent shares on the Uganda Securities Exchange.
Olowude said the value of the company had increased over the past months thus affecting the share price; but that they are working to ensure that as many Ugandans as possible buy into the company.
Insurance: Facing another challenge with fake operators
By Sunday Ojeme
Two weeks ago, the Commissioner for Insurance, Mr. Fola Daniel re-echoed the threat by fake insurers to continue their illegal operations despite efforts by the Federal Government to sanitise the sector.
At the inauguration of the National Insurance Commission unit of SERVICOM in Abuja, he said the fake insurance companies would be chased out of the market as the industry was currently undergoing reforms.
This, according to him, is to ensure that the newly approved companies are allowed to protect the rights of Nigerian especially the insured, through the payment of compensation.
He condemned the attitude of some service providers and promised harsher measures to ensure that the industry defended itself in serving Nigerians well in the spirit of SERVICOM.
Like his predecessors, the NAICOM boss has commenced another battle to rid the sector of fakes who operate in different guises. The fact that the industry was poorly regulated for a very long time in the past gave rise to the predominance of fake companies that rendered various forms of insurance services.
The problem has also been blamed on the conservative attitude of the genuine operators, who, in the past, never bothered to give enough publicity to their operations as well as protect their documents.
Even with the efforts made so far in the last four years, or so, to cleanse the sector, some operators still allow various vehicle licensing offices to retain their documents, thereby giving fillip to the offices to abuse the documents.
This is the more reason the Third Party vehicle insurance has been the most abused of all insurance policies.
In one of his public outings last year, former Commissioner for Insurance, Chief Emmanuel Chukwulozie, said the channels of premium leakage through capital flight in the oil and gas energy sector and the operations of fake insurance institutions had been closely monitored and identified. He said they were also being effectively blocked and sealed by NAICOM for optimum productivity and maximum benefit to the industry and the country at large.
To check the fake operators, NAICOM placed a ban on the sale and purchase of insurance policies and certificates in all licensing offices throughout the federation and policyholders were advised to obtain their insurance covers only in the offices of registered insurance companies.
Insurance companies were also advised to place their operational certificates issued by NAICOM conspicuously in their offices while the full implementation of the controversial Vehicle Insurance Sticker policy was expected to erase operations in the case of fake vehicle insurance.
According to him, ”We anticipate that this will not take too long. The same action is being effected in the oil and gas sector. In due course, all leakages points shall be effectively barricaded.”
Contrary to the erroneous belief that the Third Party only covers compensation for a victim’s vehicle in the event of an accident, the Third Party Insurance Act actually provides that in the event of an accident-victims will be compensated for bodily injury, death, medical expenses or property damage. Contravention of this provision attracts payment of a fine of N250,000 or one year imprisonment or both.
The Act also provides that, it is an offence to forge, alter, mutilate or deface any certificate of insurance; to use or allow being used by another person any forged, altered, mutilated or defaced certificate of insurance; to lend or borrow a certificate of insurance; and to make or have in one‘s possession, a fake certificate of insurance calculated to deceive.
Apart from the illegal operations of the licensing offices, some travel agents are also involved in issuing fake insurance covers to travelers either deliberately or ignorantly.
In 2004, an agency, which had an affiliation with an insurance company in Denmark, was in the habit of issuing insurance certificates to travelers illegally for a long time until NAICOM, under the leadership of Chief Oladipo Bailey, intervened.
To make matters worse, the insurance operators have not thought it wise to organise an interaction with the Nigeria Police, which is one agency that can help ensure that the public put a stop to patronising fakes. The illegal transaction on fake insurance documents at the licensing offices thrives because those who patronise them do that to beat only the police checkpoints.
The system has become so chaotic that even the insurance companies are finding it difficult to identify their own policy certificates, while the law enforcement agencies are completely incapacitated in that regard.
Speaking with our correspondent, the Managing Director of Union Asurance, Mr. Theo Egesi, said the activities of the fake operators had become disturbing to the genuine operators. Specifically, he said the operation thrived most at the licensing offices more because most insurance companies that had been axed had a lot of their unused documents still littering some of the offices.
He, however, said that the reforms in the industry would go a long way in checking the menace, just as he advised the genuine operators to embark on individual campaigns to enlighten motorists on the need to get genuine policy certificates from registered companies.
Two weeks ago, the Commissioner for Insurance, Mr. Fola Daniel re-echoed the threat by fake insurers to continue their illegal operations despite efforts by the Federal Government to sanitise the sector.
At the inauguration of the National Insurance Commission unit of SERVICOM in Abuja, he said the fake insurance companies would be chased out of the market as the industry was currently undergoing reforms.
This, according to him, is to ensure that the newly approved companies are allowed to protect the rights of Nigerian especially the insured, through the payment of compensation.
He condemned the attitude of some service providers and promised harsher measures to ensure that the industry defended itself in serving Nigerians well in the spirit of SERVICOM.
Like his predecessors, the NAICOM boss has commenced another battle to rid the sector of fakes who operate in different guises. The fact that the industry was poorly regulated for a very long time in the past gave rise to the predominance of fake companies that rendered various forms of insurance services.
The problem has also been blamed on the conservative attitude of the genuine operators, who, in the past, never bothered to give enough publicity to their operations as well as protect their documents.
Even with the efforts made so far in the last four years, or so, to cleanse the sector, some operators still allow various vehicle licensing offices to retain their documents, thereby giving fillip to the offices to abuse the documents.
This is the more reason the Third Party vehicle insurance has been the most abused of all insurance policies.
In one of his public outings last year, former Commissioner for Insurance, Chief Emmanuel Chukwulozie, said the channels of premium leakage through capital flight in the oil and gas energy sector and the operations of fake insurance institutions had been closely monitored and identified. He said they were also being effectively blocked and sealed by NAICOM for optimum productivity and maximum benefit to the industry and the country at large.
To check the fake operators, NAICOM placed a ban on the sale and purchase of insurance policies and certificates in all licensing offices throughout the federation and policyholders were advised to obtain their insurance covers only in the offices of registered insurance companies.
Insurance companies were also advised to place their operational certificates issued by NAICOM conspicuously in their offices while the full implementation of the controversial Vehicle Insurance Sticker policy was expected to erase operations in the case of fake vehicle insurance.
According to him, ”We anticipate that this will not take too long. The same action is being effected in the oil and gas sector. In due course, all leakages points shall be effectively barricaded.”
Contrary to the erroneous belief that the Third Party only covers compensation for a victim’s vehicle in the event of an accident, the Third Party Insurance Act actually provides that in the event of an accident-victims will be compensated for bodily injury, death, medical expenses or property damage. Contravention of this provision attracts payment of a fine of N250,000 or one year imprisonment or both.
The Act also provides that, it is an offence to forge, alter, mutilate or deface any certificate of insurance; to use or allow being used by another person any forged, altered, mutilated or defaced certificate of insurance; to lend or borrow a certificate of insurance; and to make or have in one‘s possession, a fake certificate of insurance calculated to deceive.
Apart from the illegal operations of the licensing offices, some travel agents are also involved in issuing fake insurance covers to travelers either deliberately or ignorantly.
In 2004, an agency, which had an affiliation with an insurance company in Denmark, was in the habit of issuing insurance certificates to travelers illegally for a long time until NAICOM, under the leadership of Chief Oladipo Bailey, intervened.
To make matters worse, the insurance operators have not thought it wise to organise an interaction with the Nigeria Police, which is one agency that can help ensure that the public put a stop to patronising fakes. The illegal transaction on fake insurance documents at the licensing offices thrives because those who patronise them do that to beat only the police checkpoints.
The system has become so chaotic that even the insurance companies are finding it difficult to identify their own policy certificates, while the law enforcement agencies are completely incapacitated in that regard.
Speaking with our correspondent, the Managing Director of Union Asurance, Mr. Theo Egesi, said the activities of the fake operators had become disturbing to the genuine operators. Specifically, he said the operation thrived most at the licensing offices more because most insurance companies that had been axed had a lot of their unused documents still littering some of the offices.
He, however, said that the reforms in the industry would go a long way in checking the menace, just as he advised the genuine operators to embark on individual campaigns to enlighten motorists on the need to get genuine policy certificates from registered companies.
Tuesday 20 November 2007
NICON takeover: NAICOM hinges decision on stakeholders' interest
Sunday Ojeme
Following the suspension of the boards of NICON Insurance Plc and that of Nigeria Reinsurance Corporation, the National Insurance Commission said on Saturday that the decision was taken in the interest of stakeholders.
The Head of the Corporate Affairs unit of the regulatory agency, Mr. Mike Umeh, said in a statement that the action was intended to protect all stakeholders especially the policyholders, who continued to petition the NAICOM for non-settlement of genuine claims, which also affected some government parastatals.
“To ensure equity, all such petitions were referred to NICON Insurance for response. Regrettably, most of these enquiries were either not responded to or received late with evasive responses,” he said.
He said the commission also discovered that the respective chief executive officers of life and general businesses in the oganisations were mere paper executives that could only approve payments of up to N50,000 while payments above this amount were the exclusive preserve of the group managing director, thereby rendering the CEOs ineffective and incapable of taking decisions on prompt claims payment which is the principal objective of taking an insurance policy.
He said o Investments, the NAICOM also confirmed information regarding movements of investment in a manner not consistent with the Insurance Act.
According to him, “By a letter conveying the instructions of the Group Managing Director, all monies realised by NICON Insurance and Nigeria Reinsurance Corporation in excess of that immediately required for salaries and other management expenses, were domiciled with a company registered as NICON Investment Company Limited. This company is solely owned by the Group Managing Director and cheques for such accounts domiciled with him.”
He said in respect of Nigeria Re, evidences of a cowed management abound with instructions dished out and compliance compelled, saying that this was certainly against the norms and dictum of good corporate governance and established practice in an insurance institution.
He said, “The board of directors is the highest decision making organ of any corporate organisation and should have the freedom to arrive at relevant decisions. It may be noted that the Federal Government still has substantial equity in the two organisations under reference. In the case of NICON Insurance Corporation, not less than 30 per cent and in the case of Nigeria-Re, not less than 70 per cent. It is therefore unacceptable to allow these institutions to be run unethically with very disturbing consequences on policyholders, investors, the insurance industry and the economy at large.”
Sunday Ojeme
International Energy Insurance Plc has unveiled a new auto insurance package, which it considers a deviation from the conventional cover currently on offer.
Speaking via a statement on the new scheme tagged “IEI AutoCare” the Managing Director of IEI, Mr. Jacob Erhabor, said “Consumer expectation is very dynamic and we have to be sensitive to it, because it is basically why we are in business. This is where we make a world of difference from the rest. This is just the beginning of what is shortly going to be a series in innovative and value-adding product development from the stables of this vibrant and caring insurance company.”
The statement said the package, apart from the promise to provide a brand new replacement car for the beneficiary, also offered a stop-gap provision for the customer, in which a chauffeur-driven car would be provided as soon as the company was notified of a claim in case of an accident.
It also covers riot, strike and civil commotion, at no extra cost to the insured, besides the fact that it is a policy-excess free cover. The idea is to up the value proposition of the cover for the policyholder.
The Group Head, Business Development, Mr. Akinwale Akinsola, said “For most businesses, even start ups, and in our personal lives, the car has become very essential, and it would do a lot of good if one’s life or business is not grounded just because the unexpected happened.”
IEI AutoCare cover in two categories including the Deluxe and the Executive. The Deluxe offers a package for personal accident treatment, irrespective of the cover for the repair of damages on the car involved, free vehicle recovery offer via a tracker or replacement in case of total loss, and tyre sealant among other benefits.
The Executive category has additional benefits with the provision of a chauffeur-driven car as a stop-gap in the event of a loss or accident, riot, strike and civil commotion cover while also enjoying excess-free payment for damages.
In the Deluxe package, designed for vehicles valued between N3m and N5m, the express benefits for the policyholder include free personal accident cover valued at N1m apart from the free vehicle tracker/recovery services attached. There is a free tyre sealant offer involved before the ultimate benefit of having the car replaced in case of a total loss during the incident.
Values attached to the Executive category, essentially designed for vehicles worth in excess of N5m include getting a free chauffer-driven car as replacement, payment of damages incurred in the process of the accident - without limit. The tyre sealant, vehicle tracker and personal accident cover of N1m on the insured offer, also applies as in the case for the Deluxe category.
Oceanic Health plans community insurance programme
Sunday Ojeme
The Group Managing Director of Oceanic Insurance Group, Prince Lafor Olateru-Olagbegi, has said that the Oceanic Health Management Plans has finalized plans to
introduce a robust Community Health Insurance programme aimed at promoting effective primary healthcare delivery services in Nigeria
He said in a statement on Saturday that the company would provide technical support and human capital development structures to drive primary health care delivery across the various states of the federation through the programme.
Olagbegi spoke on behalf of the Oceanic Group Chairman, Dr. (Mrs.) Cecelia Ibru, at a workshop in Ibadan which focused on ways Oceanic Health could partner with the Oyo State Council on Health at ensuring qualitative health services are available, accessible and affordable to the vulnerable and socially excluded in the state.
He said that the health insurance would play a frontline role in efforts geared towards improving the quality of life of residents of rural areas, orphans, retirees, the unemployed, and prison inmates, among others.
According to him, “Health insurance is a veritable way of providing social protection against poverty. Oceanic Health is committed to partnering with Oyo State and other states of the federation to ensure hitch-free implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme at all levels of healthcare in Nigeria by building effective and enduring technical and human capacity structures.”
The features of the partnership include, upgrade of community primary health centres, training community health workers to manage them, emphasis on primary care and referrals, incorporation of private health facilities, introduction of local scheme administrators, and affiliation to secondary care providers.
Identifying poor infrastructure, inadequate personnel and low government expenditure as factors that had stunted healthcare development in Nigeria, he said there was need for global best practices in healthcare financing in Nigeria.
He said, “There is need to ensure more equity, technical quality, reliability and support preventive measures, and rational use of resources.”
Oceanic Health Management Limited, a subsidiary of Oceanic Bank International Plc, was incorporated on January 19, 2007 to carry on the business of primary, secondary, and tertiary health management services in Nigeria . The company is manned by topflight health and other professionals led by its chief executive officer, Dr. Nte Uran-York.
First Guarantee tasks states on pension reforms
Sunday Ojeme
The Managing Director of First Guarantee Pension Limited, Mr. Charles Nwachukwu, has advised state governors to embrace the new pension regime in order to allow for a smooth implementation.
In a statement on Friday, he said there was need for state governments to embrace the scheme by first enacting the necessary statutory requirements and also stipulating the guidelines for the smooth operation of the scheme in their various domains.
He commended the Ogun State Government for embracing the scheme, saying it had done very well in providing the enabling environment that would ensure a resounding success of the scheme in the state.
He said First Guarantee Pension was poised to comply with all the necessary conditions and guidelines as stipulated by the state government.
The Ogun State Commissioner for Finance, Mr Kehinde Sogunle, said that the enactment of the Ogun State Pension Law 2006, the engagement of a firm of consulting actuaries to valuate the past benefits of workers and the creation of pension bureaux attested to the state government’s commitment to the success of the scheme.
While recognising the freedom of workers in the state to patronise any PFA of their choice, he noted that it was the responsibility of the state government to guide its workers aright.
According to him, “The interest of our workers is paramount to the state government vis-à-vis the determination of the calibre of the managers of the pension assets”.
He pointed out that the selected PFAs underwent rigorous screening exercise including being made to make presentations before the State Technical Committee on Contributory Pension Scheme and interactions with a view to determining the best method(s) that assured hitch-free implementation of the scheme.
He made it clear that the ceremony marked the formal commencement of the scheme in the state.
He said any registration of workers made earlier by any PFA was unacceptable to the state government as uncoordinated registration had the potential of engendering loss of workers’ confidence in the scheme.
He said the state government had directed the National Pension Commission to disregard all purported registrations carried out by any PFA on behalf of Ogun State public service workers.
Aiico wins NSE president award
Sunday Ojeme
Aiico Insurance Plc last week emerged the winner of the 2007 edition of the Nigerian Stock Exchange President’s Merit Award for the insurance sector.
A statement on Friday said the company’s emergence as a winner for the third time confirmed the performance of its stocks on the floor of the NSE, thus signifying the good managerial skills of the management and the board.
The statement said Aiico would be going to the market soon to raise N10bn, through a combination of public offer and rights issue.
The Chairman of the company, Chief (Dr.) Dele Fajemirokun, had expressed confidence at the annual general meeting that that the company was on the right path in terms of strategic posturing and business focus. According to him, “Our projections indicate positive growth in all areas and we are committed to succeeding. Looking ahead, we see brighter opportunities for continued strong and profitable growth and as things now stand, we are well positioned to enhance sustainable growth and improve shareholders returns”.
He said Aiico would place strong emphasis on strategic execution of the aforementioned, in order to realise the expected gains efficiently and effectively.
The company’s five-year result shows profit before tax at N348.80bn in 2006 as against N86.95bn in year 2005, representing 301.6 per cent growth while the profit after tax rose by 491 per cent, from N81.81m in 2005 to N483.70m in 2006.
The investment income increased by 335.4 per cent, moving from N20.89m in March of the 2005 to N90.95m in the current financial year.
The company also took a leap from its earning per share of six kobo, recorded in 2005 to 13 kobo in the current financial year, indicating a growth of 117 per cent and its shareholders fund appreciated by 37 per cent from N4.27bn to N5.87bn.
The company’s first quarter result ending March 2007 has shown a modest performance with premium income moving up to N753m from N726m as against the first quarter results in the year 2006, Profit after tax closed at N82.29m compared to N31.71m in 2006.
Asset base, however, dropped by 19 per cent, from N10.73bn in 2005 to N8.70bn at the end of 2006 financial year.
This according to the company was as a result of transfer of about N2bn worth of assets to its pension subsidiary, Aiico Pension Managers Limited.
Following the suspension of the boards of NICON Insurance Plc and that of Nigeria Reinsurance Corporation, the National Insurance Commission said on Saturday that the decision was taken in the interest of stakeholders.
The Head of the Corporate Affairs unit of the regulatory agency, Mr. Mike Umeh, said in a statement that the action was intended to protect all stakeholders especially the policyholders, who continued to petition the NAICOM for non-settlement of genuine claims, which also affected some government parastatals.
“To ensure equity, all such petitions were referred to NICON Insurance for response. Regrettably, most of these enquiries were either not responded to or received late with evasive responses,” he said.
He said the commission also discovered that the respective chief executive officers of life and general businesses in the oganisations were mere paper executives that could only approve payments of up to N50,000 while payments above this amount were the exclusive preserve of the group managing director, thereby rendering the CEOs ineffective and incapable of taking decisions on prompt claims payment which is the principal objective of taking an insurance policy.
He said o Investments, the NAICOM also confirmed information regarding movements of investment in a manner not consistent with the Insurance Act.
According to him, “By a letter conveying the instructions of the Group Managing Director, all monies realised by NICON Insurance and Nigeria Reinsurance Corporation in excess of that immediately required for salaries and other management expenses, were domiciled with a company registered as NICON Investment Company Limited. This company is solely owned by the Group Managing Director and cheques for such accounts domiciled with him.”
He said in respect of Nigeria Re, evidences of a cowed management abound with instructions dished out and compliance compelled, saying that this was certainly against the norms and dictum of good corporate governance and established practice in an insurance institution.
He said, “The board of directors is the highest decision making organ of any corporate organisation and should have the freedom to arrive at relevant decisions. It may be noted that the Federal Government still has substantial equity in the two organisations under reference. In the case of NICON Insurance Corporation, not less than 30 per cent and in the case of Nigeria-Re, not less than 70 per cent. It is therefore unacceptable to allow these institutions to be run unethically with very disturbing consequences on policyholders, investors, the insurance industry and the economy at large.”
Sunday Ojeme
International Energy Insurance Plc has unveiled a new auto insurance package, which it considers a deviation from the conventional cover currently on offer.
Speaking via a statement on the new scheme tagged “IEI AutoCare” the Managing Director of IEI, Mr. Jacob Erhabor, said “Consumer expectation is very dynamic and we have to be sensitive to it, because it is basically why we are in business. This is where we make a world of difference from the rest. This is just the beginning of what is shortly going to be a series in innovative and value-adding product development from the stables of this vibrant and caring insurance company.”
The statement said the package, apart from the promise to provide a brand new replacement car for the beneficiary, also offered a stop-gap provision for the customer, in which a chauffeur-driven car would be provided as soon as the company was notified of a claim in case of an accident.
It also covers riot, strike and civil commotion, at no extra cost to the insured, besides the fact that it is a policy-excess free cover. The idea is to up the value proposition of the cover for the policyholder.
The Group Head, Business Development, Mr. Akinwale Akinsola, said “For most businesses, even start ups, and in our personal lives, the car has become very essential, and it would do a lot of good if one’s life or business is not grounded just because the unexpected happened.”
IEI AutoCare cover in two categories including the Deluxe and the Executive. The Deluxe offers a package for personal accident treatment, irrespective of the cover for the repair of damages on the car involved, free vehicle recovery offer via a tracker or replacement in case of total loss, and tyre sealant among other benefits.
The Executive category has additional benefits with the provision of a chauffeur-driven car as a stop-gap in the event of a loss or accident, riot, strike and civil commotion cover while also enjoying excess-free payment for damages.
In the Deluxe package, designed for vehicles valued between N3m and N5m, the express benefits for the policyholder include free personal accident cover valued at N1m apart from the free vehicle tracker/recovery services attached. There is a free tyre sealant offer involved before the ultimate benefit of having the car replaced in case of a total loss during the incident.
Values attached to the Executive category, essentially designed for vehicles worth in excess of N5m include getting a free chauffer-driven car as replacement, payment of damages incurred in the process of the accident - without limit. The tyre sealant, vehicle tracker and personal accident cover of N1m on the insured offer, also applies as in the case for the Deluxe category.
Oceanic Health plans community insurance programme
Sunday Ojeme
The Group Managing Director of Oceanic Insurance Group, Prince Lafor Olateru-Olagbegi, has said that the Oceanic Health Management Plans has finalized plans to
introduce a robust Community Health Insurance programme aimed at promoting effective primary healthcare delivery services in Nigeria
He said in a statement on Saturday that the company would provide technical support and human capital development structures to drive primary health care delivery across the various states of the federation through the programme.
Olagbegi spoke on behalf of the Oceanic Group Chairman, Dr. (Mrs.) Cecelia Ibru, at a workshop in Ibadan which focused on ways Oceanic Health could partner with the Oyo State Council on Health at ensuring qualitative health services are available, accessible and affordable to the vulnerable and socially excluded in the state.
He said that the health insurance would play a frontline role in efforts geared towards improving the quality of life of residents of rural areas, orphans, retirees, the unemployed, and prison inmates, among others.
According to him, “Health insurance is a veritable way of providing social protection against poverty. Oceanic Health is committed to partnering with Oyo State and other states of the federation to ensure hitch-free implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme at all levels of healthcare in Nigeria by building effective and enduring technical and human capacity structures.”
The features of the partnership include, upgrade of community primary health centres, training community health workers to manage them, emphasis on primary care and referrals, incorporation of private health facilities, introduction of local scheme administrators, and affiliation to secondary care providers.
Identifying poor infrastructure, inadequate personnel and low government expenditure as factors that had stunted healthcare development in Nigeria, he said there was need for global best practices in healthcare financing in Nigeria.
He said, “There is need to ensure more equity, technical quality, reliability and support preventive measures, and rational use of resources.”
Oceanic Health Management Limited, a subsidiary of Oceanic Bank International Plc, was incorporated on January 19, 2007 to carry on the business of primary, secondary, and tertiary health management services in Nigeria . The company is manned by topflight health and other professionals led by its chief executive officer, Dr. Nte Uran-York.
First Guarantee tasks states on pension reforms
Sunday Ojeme
The Managing Director of First Guarantee Pension Limited, Mr. Charles Nwachukwu, has advised state governors to embrace the new pension regime in order to allow for a smooth implementation.
In a statement on Friday, he said there was need for state governments to embrace the scheme by first enacting the necessary statutory requirements and also stipulating the guidelines for the smooth operation of the scheme in their various domains.
He commended the Ogun State Government for embracing the scheme, saying it had done very well in providing the enabling environment that would ensure a resounding success of the scheme in the state.
He said First Guarantee Pension was poised to comply with all the necessary conditions and guidelines as stipulated by the state government.
The Ogun State Commissioner for Finance, Mr Kehinde Sogunle, said that the enactment of the Ogun State Pension Law 2006, the engagement of a firm of consulting actuaries to valuate the past benefits of workers and the creation of pension bureaux attested to the state government’s commitment to the success of the scheme.
While recognising the freedom of workers in the state to patronise any PFA of their choice, he noted that it was the responsibility of the state government to guide its workers aright.
According to him, “The interest of our workers is paramount to the state government vis-à-vis the determination of the calibre of the managers of the pension assets”.
He pointed out that the selected PFAs underwent rigorous screening exercise including being made to make presentations before the State Technical Committee on Contributory Pension Scheme and interactions with a view to determining the best method(s) that assured hitch-free implementation of the scheme.
He made it clear that the ceremony marked the formal commencement of the scheme in the state.
He said any registration of workers made earlier by any PFA was unacceptable to the state government as uncoordinated registration had the potential of engendering loss of workers’ confidence in the scheme.
He said the state government had directed the National Pension Commission to disregard all purported registrations carried out by any PFA on behalf of Ogun State public service workers.
Aiico wins NSE president award
Sunday Ojeme
Aiico Insurance Plc last week emerged the winner of the 2007 edition of the Nigerian Stock Exchange President’s Merit Award for the insurance sector.
A statement on Friday said the company’s emergence as a winner for the third time confirmed the performance of its stocks on the floor of the NSE, thus signifying the good managerial skills of the management and the board.
The statement said Aiico would be going to the market soon to raise N10bn, through a combination of public offer and rights issue.
The Chairman of the company, Chief (Dr.) Dele Fajemirokun, had expressed confidence at the annual general meeting that that the company was on the right path in terms of strategic posturing and business focus. According to him, “Our projections indicate positive growth in all areas and we are committed to succeeding. Looking ahead, we see brighter opportunities for continued strong and profitable growth and as things now stand, we are well positioned to enhance sustainable growth and improve shareholders returns”.
He said Aiico would place strong emphasis on strategic execution of the aforementioned, in order to realise the expected gains efficiently and effectively.
The company’s five-year result shows profit before tax at N348.80bn in 2006 as against N86.95bn in year 2005, representing 301.6 per cent growth while the profit after tax rose by 491 per cent, from N81.81m in 2005 to N483.70m in 2006.
The investment income increased by 335.4 per cent, moving from N20.89m in March of the 2005 to N90.95m in the current financial year.
The company also took a leap from its earning per share of six kobo, recorded in 2005 to 13 kobo in the current financial year, indicating a growth of 117 per cent and its shareholders fund appreciated by 37 per cent from N4.27bn to N5.87bn.
The company’s first quarter result ending March 2007 has shown a modest performance with premium income moving up to N753m from N726m as against the first quarter results in the year 2006, Profit after tax closed at N82.29m compared to N31.71m in 2006.
Asset base, however, dropped by 19 per cent, from N10.73bn in 2005 to N8.70bn at the end of 2006 financial year.
This according to the company was as a result of transfer of about N2bn worth of assets to its pension subsidiary, Aiico Pension Managers Limited.
NIA declines comment on NICON, Nigeria Re
Sunday Ojeme
The Nigeria Insurers Association has said that it will not comment on the takeover of one of its member companies, NICON Insurance Plc, by the Federal Government for now until it has studied the situation properly.
Speaking with our correspondent on Saturday, the Head, Corporate Affairs, NIA, Mr. Davis Iyasere, said only the National Insurance Commission could take a position on the matter for now, adding, however, that NIA would make its position known on the matter as events unfolded
Expressing gratitude to the federal government over the release of the recapitalisation funds held in an escrow account with the Central Bank of Nigeria since the exercise ended 10 months ago, he said the body had already congratulated its member companies that made the list after the long and tortuous journey.
“We also commend the government for taken such a step especially as regards the release of the trapped funds in an escrow account with the Central Bank of Nigeria,” he said.
The federal government, through the Minister of State for Finance, Mr. Remi Babalola, on Wednesday released the list of insurance companies adjudged successful during the recapitalisation programme. He also promised to effect the immediate release of the recapitalisation funds held in an escrow account to the various companies.
The government approved the issuance of final licenses to 48 insurance companies and one reinsurer.
Babalola said the funds estimated at over N80bn would be released to enable the companies operate their business.
He said the actions were taken in consultation with the President and the Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice.
He said the measures were part of government’s efforts to remove the insurance sector from its globally insignificant and underdeveloped stage.
The release of the funds and the list of the successful companies have brought to an end the harrowing experience, which the operators had gone through for almost 28 months since the federal government directed them to shore up their capital base to N2bn for life, N3bn for general and N10bn for reinsurance.
The programme, however, ended on a sad note when a former Minister of Finance, Mrs Nenadi Usman, set up a panel to verify the exercise as well as investigate the activities of the former Commissioner for Insurance, Chief Emmanuel Chukwulozie, who supervised the programme.
Not satisfied with the constitution of the panel and the call to appear before it, the Group Managing Director, NICON Group of Companies, Mr. Jimoh Ibrahim, went to court to seek an injunction stopping the federal government from interfering with the management of NICON and others he took over during the recapitalisation exercise as well as stopping the implementation of the report of the technical committee on the verification exercise.
The court case further heightened tension in the industry until last week when Babalola ordered the release of the list and the funds as well as the dissolution of the boards of NICON and Nigeria Re.
According to the NIA spokesman, the development as regards the list and the funds is a positive one for the industry and hopefully, operators can now begin to invest their money as well as go into various expansion plans.
He said member companies had been directed to go to the CBN to access the fund, adding that no company had gone and reported back that it had not been able to access the funds.
The Nigeria Insurers Association has said that it will not comment on the takeover of one of its member companies, NICON Insurance Plc, by the Federal Government for now until it has studied the situation properly.
Speaking with our correspondent on Saturday, the Head, Corporate Affairs, NIA, Mr. Davis Iyasere, said only the National Insurance Commission could take a position on the matter for now, adding, however, that NIA would make its position known on the matter as events unfolded
Expressing gratitude to the federal government over the release of the recapitalisation funds held in an escrow account with the Central Bank of Nigeria since the exercise ended 10 months ago, he said the body had already congratulated its member companies that made the list after the long and tortuous journey.
“We also commend the government for taken such a step especially as regards the release of the trapped funds in an escrow account with the Central Bank of Nigeria,” he said.
The federal government, through the Minister of State for Finance, Mr. Remi Babalola, on Wednesday released the list of insurance companies adjudged successful during the recapitalisation programme. He also promised to effect the immediate release of the recapitalisation funds held in an escrow account to the various companies.
The government approved the issuance of final licenses to 48 insurance companies and one reinsurer.
Babalola said the funds estimated at over N80bn would be released to enable the companies operate their business.
He said the actions were taken in consultation with the President and the Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice.
He said the measures were part of government’s efforts to remove the insurance sector from its globally insignificant and underdeveloped stage.
The release of the funds and the list of the successful companies have brought to an end the harrowing experience, which the operators had gone through for almost 28 months since the federal government directed them to shore up their capital base to N2bn for life, N3bn for general and N10bn for reinsurance.
The programme, however, ended on a sad note when a former Minister of Finance, Mrs Nenadi Usman, set up a panel to verify the exercise as well as investigate the activities of the former Commissioner for Insurance, Chief Emmanuel Chukwulozie, who supervised the programme.
Not satisfied with the constitution of the panel and the call to appear before it, the Group Managing Director, NICON Group of Companies, Mr. Jimoh Ibrahim, went to court to seek an injunction stopping the federal government from interfering with the management of NICON and others he took over during the recapitalisation exercise as well as stopping the implementation of the report of the technical committee on the verification exercise.
The court case further heightened tension in the industry until last week when Babalola ordered the release of the list and the funds as well as the dissolution of the boards of NICON and Nigeria Re.
According to the NIA spokesman, the development as regards the list and the funds is a positive one for the industry and hopefully, operators can now begin to invest their money as well as go into various expansion plans.
He said member companies had been directed to go to the CBN to access the fund, adding that no company had gone and reported back that it had not been able to access the funds.
Post-consolidation: Afribank boss urges insurers to learn from banks
Sunday Ojeme
The Group Managing Director, Afribank Nigeria Plc, Mr. Sebastine Adigwe, has advised operators in the insurance industry to learn the post-consolidation ropes from the banking sector. He said the greatest thing that a post consolidated Nigerian insurance industry could benefit from the experience of the banking sector was the way and manner post-consolidation challenges were tackled.
Delivering his lecture at the 11th edition of the Champion Insurance Day/Luncheon in Lagos on Tuesday, he said just like the way it was for the banking sector, the consolidation of the insurance industry was designed to tackle all the institutional problems that made it difficult for the sub-sector to make desirable positive impacts and support the growth and development of the economy.
He said there was no doubt that the Nigerian insurance industry had a lot to learn from the experience of banking consolidation for its own consolidation to achieve the desired goals.
According to him, “It can easily avoid some of the unexpected challenges of the banking experience and with the benefit of hindsight, proactive steps can be taken to ensure that the gains already recorded are sustained and other milestones are achieved as soon as possible.”
He said it must be appreciated that the attainment of post-consolidation goals required the cooperation, trust and faith of all stakeholders, saying that the institutionalisation of sound corporate governance and appropriate regulatory oversight were very important.
Speaking on the post-consolidation challenges, he said major board and management challenges lay in the composition of board and management for the merged institutions as well as the adoption of appropriate organisational structure, adding that one of the first critical issues to be addressed post-consolidation was the strategy for the new company.
“It will be necessary to give appropriate direction through development of vision, mission, and core values as well as corporate strategy. The issue here is in defining a new strategic thrust which requires timely communication to all members of staff to ensure their buy-in as well as mobilise them towards the company’s new direction.”
He said branding was particularly necessary where some of the legacy companies had experienced business problems and that the branding effort, which is aimed at regaining customers’ confidence, was also important.
Earlier in his opening remark, the Chairman of Niger Insurance Plc, Alhaji Bala Zakariya’u, who was represented by the Managing Director, Mr. Clinton Uranta, said the issue of corporate governance and capital growth in the industry should be taken more seriously.
He said the sector was frozen for a long period until the government found it necessary to intervene through a raise in the capital base and integration into the global financial sector.
He said, “We will soon see a new insurance industry that will act as a catalyst to the economy. All we need is the right people. We have to continue to build quality and capacity.”
The Group Managing Director, Afribank Nigeria Plc, Mr. Sebastine Adigwe, has advised operators in the insurance industry to learn the post-consolidation ropes from the banking sector. He said the greatest thing that a post consolidated Nigerian insurance industry could benefit from the experience of the banking sector was the way and manner post-consolidation challenges were tackled.
Delivering his lecture at the 11th edition of the Champion Insurance Day/Luncheon in Lagos on Tuesday, he said just like the way it was for the banking sector, the consolidation of the insurance industry was designed to tackle all the institutional problems that made it difficult for the sub-sector to make desirable positive impacts and support the growth and development of the economy.
He said there was no doubt that the Nigerian insurance industry had a lot to learn from the experience of banking consolidation for its own consolidation to achieve the desired goals.
According to him, “It can easily avoid some of the unexpected challenges of the banking experience and with the benefit of hindsight, proactive steps can be taken to ensure that the gains already recorded are sustained and other milestones are achieved as soon as possible.”
He said it must be appreciated that the attainment of post-consolidation goals required the cooperation, trust and faith of all stakeholders, saying that the institutionalisation of sound corporate governance and appropriate regulatory oversight were very important.
Speaking on the post-consolidation challenges, he said major board and management challenges lay in the composition of board and management for the merged institutions as well as the adoption of appropriate organisational structure, adding that one of the first critical issues to be addressed post-consolidation was the strategy for the new company.
“It will be necessary to give appropriate direction through development of vision, mission, and core values as well as corporate strategy. The issue here is in defining a new strategic thrust which requires timely communication to all members of staff to ensure their buy-in as well as mobilise them towards the company’s new direction.”
He said branding was particularly necessary where some of the legacy companies had experienced business problems and that the branding effort, which is aimed at regaining customers’ confidence, was also important.
Earlier in his opening remark, the Chairman of Niger Insurance Plc, Alhaji Bala Zakariya’u, who was represented by the Managing Director, Mr. Clinton Uranta, said the issue of corporate governance and capital growth in the industry should be taken more seriously.
He said the sector was frozen for a long period until the government found it necessary to intervene through a raise in the capital base and integration into the global financial sector.
He said, “We will soon see a new insurance industry that will act as a catalyst to the economy. All we need is the right people. We have to continue to build quality and capacity.”
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